Category: Uncategorized

Badminton Ireland Munster Open 2018

Badminton Ireland Munster Open 2018 [Ref: 1]

Finals

GradeWinnersRunners-UpScore
MSDavid WalshSam McKay21-16 20-22 21-17
WSMoya RyanOrla Flynn21-16 28-26
MDDaniel Magee / Sam McKayCiaran Chambers / David Walsh21-15 19-21 21-18
WDKate Frost / Moya RyanOrla Flynn / Alexandra Troy21-9 21-17
XDCiaran Chambers / Moya RyanDaniel Magee / Kate Frost25-23 21-17
Badminton Ireland Munster Open 2018 [Ref: 1-5]

Report

David Walsh won the Men’s singles title and Moya Ryan the Women’s singles at the Badminton Ireland Munster Open in 2018.

Daniel Magee & Sam McKay were the Men’s Doubles winners in three sets, Kate Frost and Moya Ryan triumphed in the Women’s Doubles, and Ciaran Chambers and Moya Ryan.

References

Images

[2] Twimg (2017) Badminton Ireland Logo [Internet] Available from: https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/713368919436828672/79RXVwkb.jpg [Accessed 23 April 2017]

Key

MS – Mens Singles / WS – Womens singles / MD – Mens Doubles / WD – Womens Doubles / XD – Mixed Doubles

About

Venue: UL Sports Arena, University of Limerick, Castleroy, Limerick

Dates: Sat 3 – Sun 4 November 2018

Ranking: This Tournament is part of Badminton Ireland Ranking

Reference: 6]

Reference

_______________________________________________________

Websites

[1] Badminton Ireland (2018) Munster Open 2018 – Draws – MS [Internet] Available from: http://www.badmintonireland.com/sport/draw.aspx?id=90A5993B-4E41-4BD8-B30A-E8FF30AB6ED5&draw=6 [Accessed 6 November 2018]

[2] Badminton Ireland (2018) Munster Open 2018 – Draws – WS [Internet] Available from: http://www.badmintonireland.com/sport/draw.aspx?id=90A5993B-4E41-4BD8-B30A-E8FF30AB6ED5&draw=2 [Accessed 6 November 2018]

[3] Badminton Ireland (2018) Munster Open 2018 – Draws – MD [Internet] Available from: http://www.badmintonireland.com/sport/draw.aspx?id=90A5993B-4E41-4BD8-B30A-E8FF30AB6ED5&draw=7 [Accessed 6 November 2018]

[4] Badminton Ireland (2018) Munster Open 2018 – Draws – WD [Internet] Available from: http://www.badmintonireland.com/sport/draw.aspx?id=90A5993B-4E41-4BD8-B30A-E8FF30AB6ED5&draw=4 [Accessed 6 November 2018]

[5] Badminton Ireland (2018) Munster Open 2018 – Draws – XD [Internet] Available from: http://www.badmintonireland.com/sport/draw.aspx?id=90A5993B-4E41-4BD8-B30A-E8FF30AB6ED5&draw=5 [Accessed 6 November 2018]

[6] Badminton Ireland (2018) Munster Open 2018 – Organisation [Internet] Available from: http://www.badmintonireland.com/sport/tournament.aspx?id=90A5993B-4E41-4BD8-B30A-E8FF30AB6ED5 [Accessed 6 November 2018]

Images

[7] Twitter (2017) Badminton Ireland Logo [Internet] Available from: https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/713368919436828672/79RXVwkb.jpg [Accessed 23 April 2017]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to David Raitt, Paul Hui, Sean Fagan.

About this document

Researched, Compiled and Written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 24 June 2020

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2020

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.

Midland Badminton League Grade 5 Mixed 2016-17

League Table

 PWDLFAPts
Mullingar Mx5 B8611723472
Mullingar Mx5 A8512674167
St. Oliver’s Moyvore Mx58602654565
Church St. Hall Mx58107377137
Lanesboro Mx58107287828
Midland Badminton League Grade 5 Mixed 2016-17 [Ref: 1]

[1] Midland Badminton League – Fixtures Live Page (2017) Midland Badminton League Grade 5 Mixed 2016/17 [Internet] Available from: http://w.fixtureslive.com/comp/54011/table/Midland-Badminton-League-Grade-5-Mixed-2016-17 [Accessed 8 June 2017]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Dave.

About this document

Researched, Compiled and Written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 23 June 2020

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2020

You are free to copy this document in whole or part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Resereved.

Meath Badminton Association Grade 3 Men’s 2015-16

Meath Badminton Association Logo [Ref: 1]

League Table

 PWDLMatchesPts
Bailieboro532014-614
Ardee51319-119
Kildalkey60339-159
Kilmessan41218-88
Meath Badminton Association Grade 3 Men’s 2015-16 [Ref: 2-3]

Results Grid

 ARDBLBKLDKLM
Ardee—2-23-1 
Bailieboro4-0—2-23-1
Kildalkey2-21-3—2-2
Kilmessan2-2 3-1—
Meath Badminton Association Grade 3 Men’s 2015-16 [Ref: 2-3]

Websites

[1] Badminton Ireland Facebook Page (2016) Profile Picture: March 25, 2016 [Internet] Available from: https://www.facebook.com/badminton.ireland/photos/a.422522451144605.101945.422517951145055/1067832736613570/?type=1&theater [Accessed 17 February 2018]

[2] Meath Badminton Association (2017) League Results – Grade 3 [Internet] Available from: http://meathbadminton.webs.com/grade3.htm [Accessed 3 May 2017]

[3] Meath Badminton Association (2017) Mens Section Teams 2016-17 [Internet] Available from: http://meathbadminton.webs.com/2016-2017_Season/MEN%20SECTION%2016-17.pdf [Accessed 3 May 2017]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to the Sean Fagan.

About this document

Researched, Compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 23 June 2020

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2020

You are free to copy this document in whole or part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Resereved.

Louth Badminton Division 4 Mens 2015-16

League Table

 PWDLMatchesSetsPts
Dundalk IT8   23-94723
Dundalk A8   21-114621
BSBC6   10-142510
Dundalk B8   15-173315
Bessbrook6   3-21113
Louth Badminton Division 4 Mens Table 2015-16 [Ref: 1]

Results Grid

 BSKBSBDKADKBDKIT
Bessbrook—    
BSBC —   
Dundalk A  —  
Dundalk B   — 
Dundalk IT    —

Websites

[1] Louth Badminton (2017) League Tables [Internet] Available from: http://www.louthbadminton.com/?q+node/25 [Accessed 26 May 2017]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Sean Fagan.

About this document

Researched, Compiled and Written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 23 June 2020

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2020

You are free to copy this document in whole or part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Resereved.

Louth Badminton Division 4 Ladies 2015-16

League Table

 PWDLMatchesSetsPts
Dundalk4   13-32713
BSBC3   6-6156
Bessbrook3   1-1131
Louth Badminton Division 4 Ladies Table 2015-16 [Ref: 1]

Results Grid

 BSKBSBDNK
Bessbrook—  
BSBC — 
Dundalk  —

Report

Dundalk won Louth Badminton’s Grade 4 Ladies League – the Top Grade in Ladies Badminton in Louth – in 2015-16 with 13 wins from 16 matches.

Websites

[1] Louth Badminton (2017) League Tables [Internet] Available from: http://www.louthbadminton.com/?q+node/25 [Accessed 26 May 2017]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Sean Fagan.

About this document

Researched, Compiled and Written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 23 June 2020

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2020

You are free to copy this document in whole or part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Resereved.

Louth Badminton Division 3 Mixed 2015-16

League Table

 PWDLMatchesSetsPts
Boyne3   8-4198
Dundalk4   7-9157
BSBC3   5-755
Louth Badminton Division 3 Mixed Table 2015-16 [Ref: 1]

4 Matches per Fixture. 1 Pt Match Won

Results Grid

 BYNBSDNK
Boyne—  
BSBC — 
Dundalk  —
Louth Badminton Division 3 Mixed Results 2015-16 [Ref: 1]

Report

Boyne won the Louth Badmonton Grade 3 Mixed League – the highest Grade in Louth – in 2015-16 with 8 Wins and 4 Losses from 12 matches.

Websites

[1] Louth Badminton (2017) League Tables [Internet] Available from: http://www.louthbadminton.com/?q+node/25 [Accessed 26 May 2017]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Sean Fagan.

About this document

Prepared and maintained by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 23 June 2020

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2020

You are free to copy this document in whole or part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Resereved.

Badminton Ireland Primary School Boys 2017

Badminton Ireland Primary School Boys 2017 [Ref: 1]

Finals

DateTeam 1 Team 2 
 Semi-Finals   
01.03.2017Knocklyon 12St. Pius x0
01.03.2017Scoil Fhursa0Kilcredan Larks2
 Final   
01.03.2017Knocklyon 11Kilcredan Larks1
Badminton Ireland Primary School Boys Finals 2017 [Ref: 3]

Knocklyon 1 won on Tie-Breaker [Ref: 2]

Group Stage Standings

 Group APWDLGFGAPFPAPts
*Knocklyon 1431071167557
Banteer Cork431071152817
St. Anne’s 3411235971403
St. Oliver Plunketts4022261021402
Crosserlough Boys401317641661
 Group BPWDLGFGAPFPAPts
*St. Pius x440080168688
Knocklyon 34211531421195
Kilcredan Eagles4121441231354
Wesley College 24022261131452
St. Anne’s 4401317821611
 Group CPWDLGFGAPFPAPts
*Scoil Fhursa321051118565
St. Anne’s 1312042117814
St. Brigid’s302124701222
Knocklyon 4301215691151
 Group DPWDLGFGAPFPAPts
*Kilcredan Larks440080168838
Scoil Mhuire4301621571016
Knocklyon 24112351391393
Wesley College 14112351221493
St. Anne’s 2400408541680
Badminton Ireland Primary School Boys Group Tables [Ref: 4-7]

Group Stage Results

DateTeam 1 Team 2 
Group A
01.03.2017St. Anne’s 32Crosserlough Boys0
01.03.2017St. Oliver Plunketts0Banteer Cork2
01.03.2017Knocklyon 12St. Anne’s 30
01.03.2017St. Oliver Plunketts1Crosserlough Boys1
01.03.2017Knocklyon 12St. Oliver Plunketts0
01.03.2017Banteer Cork2Crosserlough Boys0
01.03.2017St. Anne’s 31St. Oliver Plunketts1
01.03.2017Knocklyon 11Banteer Cork1
01.03.2017St. Anne’s 30Banteer Cork2
01.03.2017Knocklyon 12Crosserlough Boys0
Group B
01.03.2017St. Anne’s 40St. Pius x2
01.03.2017Wesley College 20Knocklyon 32
01.03.2017Kilcredan Eagles1Wesley College 21
01.03.2017St. Anne’s 40Knocklyon 32
01.03.2017Kilcredan Eagles2St. Anne’s 40
01.03.2017St. Pius x2Knocklyon 30
01.03.2017Wesley College 21St. Anne’s 41
01.03.2017Kilcredan Eagles0St. Pius x2
01.03.2017Wesley College 20St. Pius x2
01.03.2017Kilcredan Eagles1Knocklyon 31
Group C
01.03.2017Knocklyon 40St. Anne’s 12
01.03.2017St. Brigid’s0Scoil Fhursa2
01.03.2017Scoil Fhursa2Knocklyon 40
01.03.2017St. Brigid’s1St. Anne’s 11
01.03.2017St. Brigid’s1Knocklyon 41
01.03.2017Scoil Fhursa1St. Anne’s 11
Group D
01.03.2017Knocklyon 21Wesley College 11
01.03.2017Scoil Mhuire2St. Anne’s 20
01.03.2017Kilcredan Larks2Knocklyon 20
01.03.2017Scoil Mhuire2Wesley College 10
01.03.2017Kilcredan Larks2Scoil Mhuire0
01.03.2017St. Anne’s 20Wesley College 12
01.03.2017Knocklyon 20Scoil Mhuire2
01.03.2017Kilcredan Larks2St. Anne’s 20
01.03.2017Knocklyon 22St. Anne’s 20
01.03.2017Kilcredan Larks2Wesley College 10
Badminton Ireland Primary School Boys Results 2017 [Ref: 4-7]

Report

Knocklyon 1 (St. Colmcille’s) won the Badminton Ireland Primary School Boys Competition in 2017, winning their group with three wins and one draw from four matches, and then defeating St. Pius X in the semi-Finals and triumphing over Kilcredan Larks on a tie-breaker in the Final. In all 19 teams entered the Competition, including four from Knocklyon.

Websites

Images

[1] Twimg (2017) Badminton Ireland Logo [Internet] Available from: https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/713368919436828672/79RXVwkb.jpg [Accessed 23 April 2017]

[2] Badminton Ireland (2020) FZ Forza Shuttle Time Primary School Boys Doubles Winners [Internet] Available from: https://www.badmintonireland.com/sport/winners.aspx?id=B0553935-FAF8-4A6C-8A0C-EA34F1ADE065 [Accessed 23 April 2017]

[3] Badminton Ireland (2020) FZ Forza Shuttle Time Primary School Boys Doubles Draws [Internet] Available from: https://www.badmintonireland.com/sport/draw.aspx?id=B0553935-FAF8-4A6C-8A0C-EA34F1ADE065&draw=10 [Accessed 23 April 2017]

[4] Badminton Ireland (2020) FZ Forza Shuttle Time Primary School Boys Doubles Draws – Group A[Internet] Available from: https://www.badmintonireland.com/sport/draw.aspx?id=B0553935-FAF8-4A6C-8A0C-EA34F1ADE065&draw=6 [Accessed 23 April 2017]

[5] Badminton Ireland (2020) FZ Forza Shuttle Time Primary School Boys Doubles Draws – Group B [Internet] Available from: https://www.badmintonireland.com/sport/draw.aspx?id=B0553935-FAF8-4A6C-8A0C-EA34F1ADE065&draw=7 [Accessed 23 April 2017]

[6] Badminton Ireland (2020) FZ Forza Shuttle Time Primary School Boys Doubles Draws – Group C [Internet] Available from: https://www.badmintonireland.com/sport/draw.aspx?id=B0553935-FAF8-4A6C-8A0C-EA34F1ADE065&draw=8 [Accessed 23 April 2017]

[7] Badminton Ireland (2020) FZ Forza Shuttle Time Primary School Boys Doubles Draws – Group D[Internet] Available from: http://www.badmintonireland.com/sport/draw.aspx?id=B0553935-FAF8-4A6C-8A0C-EA34F1ADE065&draw=9 [Accessed 23 April 2017]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Kevin Smyth and Paul Moloney.

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 23 June 2020

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2020

You are free to copy this document in whole or part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.

Midland Badminton League Grade 5 Men 2016-17

League Table

 PWDLFAPts
Mullingar M56600661566
Loughagar M56303532953
Turin M56213254225
Lanesboro M560152602
Midland Badminton League Grade 5 Mens Table 2016-17 [Ref: 2]

Report

Mullingar won the Midland Badminton League Grade 5 (the second highest im Men’s Badminton in the Midland League) in 2016-17, with six wins from six.

References

[2] Midland Badminton League – Fixtures Live Page (2017) Midland Badminton League Grade 4 Men 2016/17 [Internet] Available from: http://w.fixtureslive.com/comp/54001/table/Midland-Badminton-League-Grade-5-men-2016-17 [Accessed 8 June 2017]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Dave.

About this document

Researched, Compiled and Written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 23 June 2020

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2020

You are free to copy this document in whole or part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Resereved.

Badminton Ireland Ulster Open 2018

Badminton Ireland Logo [Ref: 7]

Finals

GradeWinnersRunners-UpScore
MSMark BradySam McKay21-13 21-15
WSRachael WoodsSophia Noble21-13 19-21 21-18
MDMark Brady / Ciaran ChambersDaniel Magee / Sam McKay21-18 21-10
WDKate Frost / Moya RyanRachael Woods / Rebecca Woods11-21 22-20 21-11
XDDaniel Magee / Kate FrostCiaran Chambers / Moya Ryan9-21 21-16 21-18
Badminton Ireland Ulster Open 2018 [Ref: 1-5]

Key MS – Mens Singles / WS – Womens singles / MD – Mens Doubles / WD – Womens Doubles / XD – Mixed Doubles

Report

Mark Brady won the Badminton Ireland Ulster Open Men’s Title in 2018, with Sarah Woods taking the Ladies prize.

About

Venue: National Badminton Centre, 36 Belfast Road, Lisburn, Northern Ireland

Dates: Sat 13 – Sun 14 October 2018

Ranking: This Tournament is part of Badminton Ireland Ranking

Reference: [6]

Reference

_______________________________________________________

Websites

[1] Badminton Ireland (2018) Forza Ulster Open 2018 – Draws – MS [Internet] Available from: http://www.badmintonireland.com/sport/draw.aspx?id=89891959-7DC9-4275-980A-9830CABEB558&draw=1 [Accessed 6 November 2018]

[2] Badminton Ireland (2018) Forza Ulster Open 2018 – Draws – WS [Internet] Available from: http://www.badmintonireland.com/sport/draw.aspx?id=89891959-7DC9-4275-980A-9830CABEB558&draw=2 [Accessed 6 November 2018]

[3] Badminton Ireland (2018) Forza Ulster Open 2018 – Draws – MD [Internet] Available from: http://www.badmintonireland.com/sport/draw.aspx?id=89891959-7DC9-4275-980A-9830CABEB558&draw=3 [Accessed 6 November 2018]

[4] Badminton Ireland (2018) Forza Ulster Open 2018 – Draws – WD [Internet] Available from: http://www.badmintonireland.com/sport/draw.aspx?id=89891959-7DC9-4275-980A-9830CABEB558&draw=4 [Accessed 6 November 2018]

[5] Badminton Ireland (2018) Forza Ulster Open 2018 – Draws – XD [Internet] Available from: http://www.badmintonireland.com/sport/draw.aspx?id=89891959-7DC9-4275-980A-9830CABEB558&draw=5 [Accessed 6 November 2018]

[6] Badminton Ireland (2018) Forza Ulster Open 2018 – Organisation [Internet] Available from: http://www.badmintonireland.com/sport/tournament.aspx?id=89891959-7DC9-4275-980A-9830CABEB558 [Accessed 6 November 2018]

Images

[7] Twitter (2017) Badminton Ireland Logo [Internet] Available from: https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/713368919436828672/79RXVwkb.jpg [Accessed 23 April 2017]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Sean Fagan.

About this document

Researched, Compiled and Written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish, North American & World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 22 June 2020

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2020

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.

Kerry Area Basketball Board Ladies Division 1 2015-16

Kerry Area Basketball Board Logo [Ref: 1]

Final Standings

PWLPts
St. Marys A108226
TK Cougars108226
St Marys B105520
Tralee Imperials105520
Kenmare Kestrels104618
St Brigids1001010
Kerry Area Basketball Board Ladies Division 1 Final Standings 2015-16 [Ref: 2]

Results

DateHome TeamScoreAway TeamScore
Week 1
06.10.2015Tralee Imperials56St. Bridget’s54
Week 2
13.10.2015TK Cougars50St. Mary’s B33
Week 4
25.10.2015St. Mary’s A49Kenmare Kestrels43
27.10.2015St. Bridget’s44Tralee Imperials48
Week 5
03.11.2015Tralee Imperials49St. Mary’s B59
Week 6
10.11.2015Tralee Imperials49TK Cougars54
Week 7
17.11.2015St. Bridget’s37St. Mary’s B52
17.11.2015TK Cougars60Kenmare Kestrels44
Week 9
28.11.2015Kenmare Kestrels53Tralee Imperials54
29.11.2015St. Mary’s A39St. Bridget’s22
Week 10
06.12.2015St. Mary’s A58Tralee Imperials40
Week 11
15.12.2015St. Bridget’s51TK Cougars80
Week 12
12.01.2016St. Bridget’s44Kenmare Kestrels58
12.01.2016TK Cougars55St. Mary’s A54
Week 13
17.11.2016St. Mary’s B42Tralee Imperials49
19.11.2016St. Bridget’s55St. Mary’s A73
Week 14
24.01.2016St. Mary’s B54TK Cougars40
26.01.2016Tralee Imperials57Kenmare Kestrels62
Week 16
07.02.2016St. Mary’s B52Kenmare Kestrels39
09.02.2016TK Cougars66St. Bridget’s46
Week 17
14.02.2016St. Mary’s B47St. Bridget’s24
16.02.2016TK Cougars53Tralee Imperials50
Week 18
18.02.2016St. Mary’s B45St. Mary’s A59
20.02.2016Kenmare Kestrels57St. Mary’s B49
Week 19
01.03.2016Tralee Imperials61St. Mary’s A52
Week 20
07.03.2016St. Mary’s A69TK Cougars61
Week 21
12.03.2016Kenmare Kestrels55St. Bridget’s30
Week 22
21.03.2016Kenmare Kestrels38TK Cougars48 
24.03.2016St. Mary’s A53St. Mary’s B40
26.03.2016Kenmare Kestrels47 St. Mary’s A58 
Kerry Area Basketball Board Ladies Division 1 2015-16 [Ref: 2]

Report

St. Marys Castleisland A and TK Cougars finished joint top of the Kerry Area Basketball Board Ladies Division 1 in 2015-16 on 8-2 Wins-Losses Records. St. Marys A were placed first in the Standings, which may have been due to head-to-head Points Difference (69-61 & 54-55) versus TK Cougars, or it may have been due to alphabetical order.

St. Marys B and Tralee Imperials finished mid-table on 5-5 Records in the six team Division.

Home Venues

TeamHome Court
Kenmare KestrelsPobailscoil Inbhear Sceine
St. BrigidsJohn Mitchells GAA Hall, Tralee
St. Marys ACastleisland Community Centre
St. Marys BCastleisland Community Centre
TK CougarsPresentation Gym Killarney
Tralee ImperialsMounthawk
Kerry Area Basketball Board Ladies Division 1 Home Venues 2015-16 [Ref: 2]

References

Websites

[1] Kerry Area Basketball Board – Twitter Account (2017) KABB Logo [Internet] Available from: https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1379009051/KABB-logo-379x300_400x400.png [Accessed 11 January 2018]

[2] Kerry Area Basketball Board (2018) LEAGUE TABLE LADIES DIV 1 2015-16 [Internet] Available from: http://kerrybasketball.ie/league/102012/div1 [Accessed 19 July 2016][Broken Link – No Longer Available]

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Madeleine.

About this document

Researched, compiled and written by Enda Mulcahy for the

Eirball | Irish North American and World Sports Archive

Last Updated: 22 June 2020

(c) Copyright Enda Mulcahy and Eirball 2020

You may quote this document in part provided that proper acknowledgement is given to the authors. All Rights Reserved.